CHAPTER: SEVEN
REPORT WRITING
7.1 Definition
7.2 Organization report
7.3 Presentation of Diagram
7.4 Construction of tables
7.5 Bibliography
7.1-Definition
-Report
is a statement or description of things that already occurred.
-Report
conveys information to the evaluator about the entire activities the researcher
had undertaken during the research process.
-Report
focus on transmitting information with a clear purpose, to a specific audience.
-Good
reports are documents that are accurate, objective and complete.
Importance
of Report Writing
-To
see whether the researcher is on the target or not so that any problem can be
spotted in time to be attended to.
-To
prove an opportunity for the researcher to reflect on process, identify any
gaps in the knowledge, data or methodology.
-To
provide practice in academic report writing.
Types
of Reports
1.
Descriptive Reports
-Description
of facts, trends or opinions gather by the researcher in course of the
investigation.
-These
reports indicate the current situation and the nature of problems facing the
organization under study and also indicate the reforms required to overcome the
problems.
2.
Analytical Reports
-In
addition to presenting facts and statistics, interpret this information in relation
to the problem under consideration.
-These
reports follow the process of scientific, investigation and reporting.
-Also
recommends the action to be taken for the improvement of the situation.
The
Body of Report
1.
Introduction
-Problem Statements
-Purpose of the study
-Research hypothesis
-Assumptions
-Organizations
2.
Review of the Literature
-Literature Review
-Theoretical Framework
3.
Research Methodology
-Research design
-Population
-Sampling Procedure
-Data Gathering
Procedure
-Variables and Measures
-Data Processing
Procedure
-Pilot Study
4. Data Analysis and
Results
-presentation of Data
-Analysis of Data
-Inferential Analysis
5.
Summary and Conclusion
-Summary
-Conclusion
-Recommendation
6. Supplementary
Section
-References
-Appendix
7.2-Organization
Report
Organizational
report means a listing of all corporate officers, directors, incorporators,
partners, or shareholders who have the authority to make, or are responsible
for making operational decisions, including the siting, drilling, operating,
producing, reworking, and plugging of wells.
Example: The goal is to
implement a combined external quality review process, which would result in one
external review and integrated performance improvement plans, and ultimately
having one single External Quality Review Organizational report for each
country.
7.3-Presentation
of Diagram
It
is a technique of presenting numeric data through pictograms, line chart, bar
diagram, and pipe diagrams. It is the most attractive and appealing way to represent
statistical data. Diagram helps in visual comparison and they have a bird’s eye
view.
Bar Diagram:
A bar diagram shows how the measurement or
information are among the categories with the height of the bar measuring. How
often a particular categories was observed. In bar diagram the different
categories are on horizontal axis and the qualitative are in different vertical
axis.
Pie Chart:
A pie chart is the familiar circular graph
that shows the measurement are distributed.
Line Chart:
When a quantitative variable is recorded over
time at equally space interval the data said form a time series and such series
are must effective presented on a line chart with time is the horizontal axis.
7.4-Construction
of Tables
-A
table should be simple and attractive.
-There
should be no need of further explanation.
-Proper
and clear headings for columns and rows are necessary.
-Suitable
approximation may be adopted and figure may be rounded off.
References
for tables
-Centred
on the page.
-Numbered
in the order they appear in the text.
-Referenced
in the order they appear in the text.
-Labelled
with the table number and descriptive title above the table.
-Labelled
with column or row labels that describe the data, including units of
measurement.
-Set
from the text itself; text does not follow around the table.
7.5-Bibliography
Bibliography
is a list of all the sources you have used in the process of researching your
work. In general, a bibliography should include:
-The
author’s names,
-The
tittles of the works,
-The
names and locations of the companies that published your copies of the sources,
-The
dates your copies were published,
-The
page numbers of your sources (if they are part of multi-source volume)