CHAPTER: THREE
RESEARCH
DESIGN
3.1 Definition of research design
3.2
Types of research design
3.3
Research proposal
3.4
Selection of topics of research
3.1-Definition of research design
Research Design:
It
is the strategies for conducting research. It describes the general framework
for analysis and evaluating data after identifying:
a.)
What the researcher wants to know?
b.)
What has to be deal within order to
obtain required information.
After
one decide what he/she wants to study, he/she now next to determine how he/she
is going to conduct the study. It is a procedural plan that is adopted by the
researcher to answer question validity, objectively, accurately, and
economically.
Elements of Research Design
-The
problem
-Methodology
-Data
collection
-Data
analysis
-Report
writing
Functions of Research Design
Conceptualize
and operational plan to undertake the various procedures and task required to complete
the study.
-Insure
that procedures are adequate to obtained valid, objective, and accurate to the
research question.
Preparation of Research Design
-What
sort of data do the researcher need to collect in order to test the hypothesis
or achieve research aim or goals.
-Where
will the researcher collect the data.
-How
will the researcher collect the data.
-What
type of data collection instrument and procedures will the researcher use.
-Who
will provide the data.
-Do
the researcher need to ask permission before trying to collect the data.
-When
will the researcher collect the data.
-How
will the data be analysed.
-Will
the researcher use a particular theoretical framework in order to interpret the
data.
3.2-Types
of Research Design
1.)
Exploratory research design
Exploratory
research design is conduct for a research problem when the researcher has no
past data or only few studies for references. Sometime this research is
informal and unstructured. It serves as a tool for initial research that
provides a hypothesis or theoretical idea of the research.
2.)
Descriptive research design
Descriptive
research design is a type of research design that aims to systematically obtain
information to describe a phenomenon, situation, or population. More
specifically, it helps answer the what, when, where, and how questions regarding
the research problem rather than the why.
3.)
Comparative research design
A Comparative research design involves
the studying of variation by comparing a limited number of cases without using
statistical probability analyses. Such design are particular useful for
knowledge development when we lack the conditions for control through variable
centred, quasi-experimental designs.
4.)
Interventional research design
Interventional
studies are clinical studies in which participants are prospectively assigned
to groups to receive an interventions so that researchers can evaluate the
effects of the interventions on biomedical or health related outcomes.
5.)
Qualitative research design
Qualitative
research design is aimed at discovering how many people think, act or feel in a
specific way. Quantitative projects involves large sample size, concentrating
on the quantity of responses, as opposed to gaining the more focused or
emotional insight that is the aim of qualitative research.
3.3-Research
Proposal
-A
research proposal is the presentation of an idea that someone wise to purse.
-A
research proposal is an overall plane, skim, structure, strategy design to
obtained answers to the research questions or problems that constitute the
research question or problems that constitute the research project.
Functions of Proposal
-A
means of communication from the research to those who will estimate, approve
and possibly find the project.
-A
plan for action to describe the scope, objectives, step by step procedures and
expected outcome of the work.
-A
contract that will form the basis of agreement between the parties involved
i.e. researchers, supervisors, funders, institutions.
-The
signed agreement which cannot be substantially altered without the argument of
all the parties involved.
Common sources of error in research
design
-Selection
of improper research design.
-Poor
data and collection method.
-Poor
logic.
-Inadequate
sample design.
-Inadequate
statistical procedure.
3.4-Selection
of topics of Research
1.) Interest
-Researcher must have
interest on which he/she is going to do research.
2.)
Relevancy
3.)
On-duplication
4.)
Feasibility
5.)
Accessibility
6.)
Applicability
-The topic on which we
will do research must be applicable for locals.
7.) Cost-effectiveness
-We have limited money
so our research must be economical.
8.)
Ethical considerations